Il Dizionario BIM è il riferimento essenziale per comprendere la terminologia e i concetti del mondo del Building Information Modeling (BIM).
3D Modeling is creating three-dimensional digital representations of buildings or structures in BIM.
4D BIM is integrating time or schedule information into a 3D BIM model for project planning.
4D Scheduling is using BIM to visualize construction processes and timelines.
4D/5D BIM is combining time (4D) and cost (5D) data with 3D BIM models.
5D BIM is adding cost data to BIM models for budget tracking and management.
6D BIM is incorporating sustainability and lifecycle information into BIM models.
7D BIM is integrating facility management and operation data into BIM models.
A
Analysis is the action or process of analysing the model(s) for different purposes or a table or statement of the results of analysis of the model(s) (based on The Chambers English Dictionary)
Architectural Detailing is creating detailed design elements within a BIM model.
Architectural Model is a model made up solely of architectural building components
Archive is a component of the common data environment (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
As Built is defined as the record drawings and documentation defining deviation to the desgiend information occuring
As Built Model is a BIM model that reflects the actual constructed building.
As Constructed defines the defect and deviation to the designed model occuring during construction. The “asconstructed” model and its appended documentation are continually updated through re-measurement as construction progresses. This allows for deviation to be reviewed with respect to the following packages and making knowledgeable
As Planned vs. As Built is a comparison of planned designs versus the actual built structure in BIM.
Assembly is a composition or collection of components and/or modelled elements arranged to define part of all of a building, model, structure or site. An Assembly typically contains information that can be referenced without repositioning (as defined by AEC (UK) BIM Protocol v2.0) OR a group of componenets or types to enable the reuse of standardised design or specification elements improving productivity of design and delivery as well as providing a location to hold specifications and lessons learnt in a simple and useable way. They may hold benchmark data for cost and carbon impacts. The contents of assemblies may themselves have attributes and classifications.These properties may include key data which is attached (to the object) for use once it is placed into a model and may include cost, CO2, programme, maintenance and other key information (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) OR is a named physical aggregation of a Type or Component into anotherType or Component where both the overall (owning) assembly part and the constituent (owned) part has significance for their operation and use (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Asset is an item, thing of entity that has potential or actual value to an organization (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014) OR includes the overall Facility and the constituent aspects Space (location), Floor (region), Zone, Component,Type and System (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Asset Information Management is the discipline of managing asset-related organizational data and information to a sufficient quality to support organizational objectives and outcomes (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
Asset Information Model (AIM) is a BIM model used for facility management and asset tracking.
Asset Information Plan is the specific information plan for the Information Model used to manage, maintain and operate the asset (as defined by the CIC Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management)
Asset Information Requirements (AIR) is data specifications required for asset management in BIM.
Asset Management is managing and tracking a facility’s physical assets using BIM.
Asset Tagging is labeling system in BIM for identifying and tracking assets.
Attribute is a piece of data forming a partial description of an object or entity (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) OR is a named specific charateristic associated to an asset (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Augmented Reality (AR) is overlaying BIM data onto the real-world environment for enhanced visualization.
B
Bill of Quantities (BQ) means a list of items giving detail identifying descriptions and firm quantities of the work comprised in a contract (as defined by the RICS)
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a process of creating, managing, and using digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of places.
BIM Cloud are cloud-based platforms for storing and sharing BIM data and models.
BIM Collaboration Format (BCF) is a format for sharing comments and issues in BIM projects.
BIM Coordinator is a professional responsible for managing BIM processes and coordination.
BIM Execution Plan (BEP) is a document outlining the strategy for BIM implementation on a project.
BIM Execution Planning Software are tools for planning and managing BIM processes in projects.
BIM Management are the overall planning and administration of BIM processes.
BIM Manager is a professional overseeing the BIM processes in a project or organization.
BIM Model Checker is a software that checks BIM models for compliance with standards.
BIM Model Checker is a server facilitating collaboration and data management in BIM projects.
BIM Software Development Kits (SDK) are tools for developing custom BIM software applications.
‘BIM Wash’ is a term describing the inflated – and sometimes deceptive – claim of using or delivering Building Information Modelling products or services (defined by www.thinkbimspace.com)
Building Code Compliance is ensuring BIM models adhere to relevant building codes.t
Building Information Management (BIMan) is managing the digital information in BIM models.
Building Information Model (BIM) is the digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a facility.
Building Information Modelling Execution Plan (BEP) is a plan prepared by the suppliers to explain how the information modelling aspects of a project will be carried out (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Building Lifecycle is the complete life span of a building, from conception to demolition.
Building Lifecycle Management is managing the various stages of a building’s life using BIM.
Building Performance Analysis is assessing a building’s performance metrics using BIM.
Building Systems are the different systems (like HVAC, electrical) within a building, represented in BIM.
C
CDM Cordinator is an employee whose role is to “advise and assist the client to comply with their duties under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (as defined by BS 7000-4:2013)
CIC Scope of Services are muti-disciplinary scope of services published by the Construction Industry Council (CIC) for use by members of the project team on major projects (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Clash Detection is identifying and resolving conflicts in BIM models.
Clash Rendition (CR) is rendition of the native format model file to be used specifically for spatial coordination processes. To acheive clash avoidance or to be used for clash detection (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Classification is a systematic arrangement of headings and sub-headings for aspects of construction work including the nature of assets, construction elements, systems and products (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Classification System is a method for organizing and categorizing data in BIM.
Classification Systems are frameworks used to categorize information in BIM models.
Client is the individual or organisation commissioning a built asset (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Cloud-Based BIM are BIM processes and data storage managed on cloud platforms.
COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange) is a standard for managing facility information useful to owners.
Code is a sequence of characters, often a mnemonic, having defined meaning when interpreted in the context of the field in which it is entered, used to concisely convey meta-data (as defined by BS1192:2007- 3.1)
Collaboration Technology are digital tools that support collaborative work in BIM projects.
Common Co-ordinates is a way of identifying the location of the model(s) or building(s) in relation to a specific agreed point. This point could be to global or local co-ordinates and this should be identified as to which has been used
Common Data Environment (CDE) are a shared online space for storing and managing BIM data.
Component is an individual building element that can be reused. Examples include doors, stair cores, furniture or internal room layouts, facade panels, etc. Components are typically inserted and moved/rotated into the required position (as defined by AEC (UK) BIM Protocol v2.0) OR a synonym for “occurence” (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) OR named and individually scheduled physical items and features that might require management, such as inspection, maintenance, servicing or replacement, during the in-use phase (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Component Grade is the left of detail that the individual building element has been modelled to
Computer Aided Design is a geometric / symbol based computer drawing system that replicated hand drawing techniques (as defined by the Department of Veterans Affairs, USA)
Computer-Aided Facilities Management (CAFM) is the support of Facility Management by information technology (definition taken from Wikipedia)
Concession is permission to use or release a product that does not conform to specific requirements [BS ISO 10007:2003] or a concession against a contract requirement (gain permission for non-conformance) (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Conceptual Design is the initial design phase in BIM where ideas are explored.
Concurrent Engineering is a systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of products and their related processes, including manufacture and support (based on IDA definition). In a construction context it incorporates both early contractor and owner/operator involvement (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Configuration is interrelated functional and physical characteristics of a product defined in product configuration information (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Configuration Item is an entity within a configuration that satisfies an end use function (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Configuration Management is co-ordinated activities to direct and control configuration (as defined by PAS 1192- 2:2013)
Configuration Status Accountung is formalised recording and reporting of product configuration information, the status of proposed changes and the status of the implementation of approved changes (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Connection is a named logical relationship between two Components (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Constant In constraints, a fixed value, such as a length or specific name (as defined by Digital Building Lab @ Georgia Tech, USA)
Constraint A mathematical expression, often algrebraic, defining equalities (=) or inequalities (>,<) across various parameters. Constraint may be geometrical, such as parallelism, or a specified angle relation (as defined by Digital Building Lab @ Georgia Tech, USA)
Construction Documentation are documents generated from BIM models for guiding construction.
Construction Management Software is software that utilizes BIM data for construction planning and management.
Consultant Model mean a model that utilises data imported from a design model or, if none, from a designer’s construction documents; and contains the equivalent of shop drawings and other information useful to construction (as defined by ConsensusDOCS 301 BIM Addendum, US)
Construction Agent is a human participant in a construction process (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.19)
Construction Aid material construction resource not intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or other construction entity (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.18)
Construction Complex are two or more adjacent construction entities collectively serving one or more user activity or function (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.5)
Construction Entity independent material construction result of significant scale serving at least one user activity or function (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.4)
Construction Entity Part is a solid (as distinct from liquid and gaseous), material part of a construction entity, having physically delineated boundaries (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.6)
Construction Information is information used to support one or more construction processes (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.20)
Construction Model is a model created to show how the building will be built in sequence. This type of model will often include cranes, scaffolding and other elements required to construct the final building
Construction Product material construction resource intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or another construction entity (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.17)
Construction Process process which transforms construction resources into construction results (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.11)
Construction Result is a construction object which is formed or changed in state as the result of one or more construction processes utilising one or more construction resources (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.3)
Construction Sequencing is the process of adding a time line to a model. This can be incorporated into both design or construction models (as defined by Balfour Beatty Construction)
Contact is a named person and/or organization involved in the Facility lifecycle (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Container Named persistent set of data within a file system or application data storage hierarchy including, but not limited to, directory, sub-directory, data file, or distinct sub-set of a data file, such as a chapter or section, layers or symbol (as defined by BS1192:2007- 3.2)
Container Model is an optional repository which can be used to compile assemblies and components for specific purposes including export and publication. A Container can exist for each individual profession/discipline or for multiple disciplines, for buildings or for a complete project (as defined by AEC (UK) BIM Standard Version 2 Page 7)
Contribution means the expression, design, data or information that a project participant creates or prepares and incorporates, distributes, transmits, communicates or otherwise shares with other project participant(s) for use in or in connection with a model for the project (based on definition by ConsensusDOCS 301 BIM Addendum, US)
Convention is an accepted way of drawing an item which may have the nature of a representation, a simplified representation or a symbol (as defined in BS 8541-2:2011)
Conventionial Cartesian Axis Geometric convention using positive co-ordintates (X,Y,Z) ordered as (East, North, upwards), so that conventional plans use X,Y and Z is upwards (as defined by BS1192:2007- 3.3)
Co-ordinate (coordinate) means combining or integrating harmoniously different elements within the model (based on The Chambers English Dictionary) OR is a named position associated to Facility, Floor (region), Space (location), Component or Assembly (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
D
Data is information stored but not yet interpreted or analysed (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) OR observations that in context yields information (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014 / Skyrme & Amidon, Knowledge management, Institute of Management, Corby, 1997)
Data Capture means putting information into a form that can be fed directly into a computer (based on The Chambers English Dictionary)
Data Environment is the digital infrastructure for managing BIM data.
Data manager is the organizational representative responsible for establishing governance and assuring data and information flow to and from the AIM (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
Data Mining is extracting useful information and patterns from large BIM datasets.
Deficiency detection is detecting possible omissions within the model which would be required to construct the projecton site
Deliverables are the specific requirements for the project which may be generated directly from the model or from other sources. They may include the building information model, drawings, fly-throughs, images, data, schedules or reports
Design Delivery Strategy is the plan for delivering design outputs in a BIM project.
Designed Element is an element for which the work section(s) have been defined (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.9)
Design Lead is the role of setting design standards and co-ordinating the design (as defined by the CIC Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management)
Design Model means a model of those aspects of the project that have reached the stage of completion that would customarily be expressed by an Architect/Engineer in two-dimensional construction documents. This shall not include models such as analytical evaluations, preliminary designs, studies, or renderings. A model prepared by an Architect/Engineer that has not reached the stage of completion specified is referred to as a model (as defined by ConsensusDOCS 301 BIM Addendum, US)
Design Intent Model is the initial version of the project information model (PIM) developed by the design suppliers (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Design Team means the architect(s), engineer(s) and technology specialists responsible for the conceptual design aspects of a building, structure or facility and their development into models, drawings, specifications and instructions required for construction and associated processes. The design team is part of the project team (bases on the definition by the RICS)
digital Plan of Work (dPoW) is a generic schedule of phases, roles, responsibilities, assets and attributes, made available in a computable form (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Digital Prototyping is using BIM models to simulate a building’s performance before construction.
Digital Twin is a virtual replica of a physical building for real-time monitoring and analysis.
Dimensional Control is a risk mitigation process that applied to a project execution task that requires a dimensional accuracy (based on definition in ‘Common Scan and Building Information Modelling Terms’ by Severn Partnership)
Dimensional Coordination is ensuring that different building elements align correctly in BIM models.
Document is a container for persistent information that can be managed and interchanged as a unit (as defined by BS1192:2007 – 3.4) OR information for the use in the briefing, design, construction, operation, maintenance or decommissioning of a construction project, including but not limited to correspondence, drawings, schedules, specifications, calculations, spreadsheets (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Document Repository is an entity including an electronic data management (EDM) system, project extranet or folder hierarchy on a Windows file server (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Drawing is a document used to present graphic information (as defined by BS1192:2007 – 3.5) OR static, printed, graphical representation of part or all of a project or asset (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Drawing Title Block is a framework – often containing the project team’s logos – to show the drawing title, number, purpose of issue, status and revision information (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
E
Earned Value Analysis (EVA) is a method of project performance measurement that integrates cost, time and scope (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Electronic Document Management System (EDMS) is a system for storing, retrieving, sharing and otherwise managing electronic documents (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Element is a distinct component or object within a BIM model representing part of a building.
Element Classification is categorizing building elements within BIM models for organization.
Elevations Orthographic views taken directly from the model
Employer means the owner and/or developer of the building; in some cases the ultimate user. The terms Senior Responsibility Owner (SRO) and project sponsor are used for central civil government and defence sector; being the representatives empowered to manage the building project and make project-specific decisions (as defined by the RICS)
Employer is the individual or organisation named in an appointment or building contract as the employer (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) or means the person appointing the Project Team Member pursuant to the agreement and any valid assignee of the Employer’s rights and obligations under this Protocolm subject to the terms of such assignment. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Employer’s Information Requirements (EIR) is a document setting out the information to be delivered, and the standards and processes to be adopted by the supplier as part of the project delivery process (as defined by PAS 1192- 2:2013) OR pre-tender document setting out the information to be delivered, and the standards and processes to be adopted by the supplier as part of the project delivery process (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Energy Analysis is the action or process of analysing the model(s) from an energy point of view or a table or statement of the results of analysis of the model(s) (based on The Chambers English Dictionary)
Entity Relationship Diagram is a visual representation of relationships between data entities in BIM.
Environmental Analysis is assessing a building’s impact on the environment using BIM data.
Entity is a synonym for “object” (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
F
Facility is the named operational built or geographical asset, typically a building or section of infrastructure along with details and extent of the geographic site and of the temporal project (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Facility Assessment is evaluating the condition and performance of a facility using BIM.
Facility Condition Assessment (FCA) is a systematic evaluation of a facility’s physical condition through BIM.
Facility Data is information related to a facility’s components and systems stored in BIM.
Facility Data Standards are established guidelines for organizing and managing facility data in BIM.
Facility Information Model (FIM) is a BIM model focused on representing facility information.
Facility Lifecycle is the complete lifecycle of a facility from design to operation, managed using BIM.
Facility Management s using BIM to efficiently manage and maintain facilities.
Facility Management (FM) Integration is integrating BIM with facility management systems.
Facility Operations are the ongoing activities related to managing a facility using BIM data.
Facility Planning is the process of designing and arranging spaces within a facility using BIM.
Facility Programming is defining a facility’s functional requirements and spaces in BIM.
Fabrication Model is a Building Information Model which incorporates components that are suitable for fabrication. It is a development of the Full Design Model to include more detail
Federated BIM Model is combining multiple discipline-specific BIM models into a single integrated model.
Federated Model means a model consisting of linked but distinct component models, drawings derived from the models, texts, and other data sources that do not lose their identity or integrity by being so linked, so that a change to one component model in a federated model does not create a change in another component model in that federated model (as defined by ConsensusDOCS 301 BIM Addendum, US) OR is a model consisting of connected but distinct individual models (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Field Part of a container name reserved for meta-data (as defined by BS1192:2007- 3.6)
Field BIM is using BIM in the field for construction and maintenance activities.
File Extension is an added piece of information to the end of a file name to explain the format of the file. This is often in the form of .abc. Typically file extensions are 3 or 4 characters long
Floor (region) is the named intermediate spatial subdivsion, including distinct vertical levels and horizontal areas and sections with Spaces allocated (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Full Design Model means a model consisting of coordinated structural, architectural, MEP and other design models (based on definition by ConsensusDOCS 301 BIM Addendum, US)
G
Gate is a division of a standardised process map for the acquisition of a facility, at some of which the requirement can be delivered (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Generative Design is employing algorithms in BIM to generate design alternatives.
Generic Object is a type object intended for use in stages of design when the object is not resolved into a product (as defined in BS 8541-1:2012, BS 8541-3:2012 and BS 8541-4:2012)
Geometric Modeling is creating detailed 3D representations of building elements within BIM.
Geometry is the shape, size, and spatial characteristics of objects represented in BIM models.
Geospatial BIM is integrating geographic and spatial data into BIM models.
Ground Penetrative Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. It can detect objects, changes in material, and voids and cracks (definition taken from Wikipedia)
Graphical Data is data conveyed using shape and arrangement in space (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Graphical File is a file format designed specifically for representing graphical images (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Graphical Information is visual data within BIM models, such as 2D drawings and 3D renderings.
H
Hardware and Software Requirements is necessary equipment and software for BIM implementation.
Health and Safety Analysis is assessing safety aspects of a project using BIM data.
High-Level of Development (HLOD) is a high level of detail in BIM models for comprehensive representation.
I
Impact is a named economic and environment measure (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) is an open standard for data exchange in BIM between software applications.
Information is the representation of data in a formal manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing by human beings or computer applications (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) OR data arranged and processed into meaningful patterns, put into context (as defined by DRAFT PAS 1192-3:2014 / Skyrme & Amidon, Knowledge management, Institute of Management, Corby, 1997)
Information Delivery Manual (IDM) is guidelines specifying information requirements in BIM projects.
Information Device is a convention indicating an abstract item (as defined in BS 8541-2:2011)
Information Exchange is the structured collection of information at one of a number of pre-defined stages of a project with defined format and fidelity (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Information Exchange Requirement (IER) is the documented needs for exchanging information in BIM projects.
Information Management is coordinating and managing information flow in a BIM environment.
Information Management Lifecycle is the process of managing data from creation to disposal in BIM.
Information Management Role means a role in connection with the Project which includes, inter alia, the establishment and management of the processes, protocols and procedures set out in the Information Requirements. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Information Manager means one or more individuals responsible for the BIM’s Information Management program (based on definition by ConsensusDOCS 301 BIM Addendum, US) OR means the person appointed, initially by the Employer, to perform the Information Management Role. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Information Model is a model comprising: documentation, non-graphical information and graphical information (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) OR is all documentation, non-graphical information which the Project Team is required to provide into the Information Model by the Scope of Services for the Project Team and which is provided for the purpose of delivering Project Outputs (as defined by the CIC Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management)
Information Modelling is the use of data to provide information through better understanding, by applying logic or mathematical functions to derive new data (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Information Requirements means the document attached to this Protocol at Appendix 2 settting out the way in which Models shall be produced, delivered and used on the Project, including any processes, protocols and procedures referred to therein. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Instance is an occurrence of an entity at a particular location and orientation within a model (as defined by BS1192:2007 – 3.7)
Integrated BIM is seamless integration of BIM processes across all project phases.
Integrated Data Environment is a unified digital environment for BIM data and collaboration.
Interference Detection is identifying clashes and conflicts between building elements in BIM.
Interoperability is the ability of different BIM software systems to exchange data effectively.
International Framework For Dictionaries (IFD) is the standard terminology for libraries or ontologies (as defined by BS 7000-4:2013) Note: this is now called buildingSMART Data Dictionary (bsDD)
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a collaborative alliance of people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to optimise project results, increase value to the owner, reduce waste, and maximise efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication and construction (as defined by AIA – source taken from Wikipedia)
ISO 19650 are international standards specifying requirements for managing BIM data and processes.
ISO 19650 Standards are detailed guidelines for implementing ISO 19650 standards in BIM projects.
Issue is a named deficiency in the information or risk associated to an asset (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
J
Job is the named task or activity during the in-use phase associated toTypes (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Joint Venture BIM are collaborative BIM projects involving multiple organizations or entities.
K
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in BIM is metrics used to measure the performance and success of BIM projects.
Knowledge Transfer is sharing BIM practices and knowledge among team members and organizations.
L
Laser Scanning is using laser technology to capture detailed as-built data for BIM.
Layer is a container comprising selected entities, typically used to group for purposes of selective display, printing and management operations (as defined by BS1192:2007 – 3.8)
Layer is an attribute given to entities with CAD files enabling their visibility to be controlled. Further values may be assigned to the attribute to enable control whether it can be edited or deleted (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Lean is production focused on delivering value for the employer or client and eliminating all non-value-adding activities using an efficient workflow (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Lean Construction is applying lean principles to BIM processes to optimize efficiency.
Lean Principles is understanding value from a client’s perspective, identifying the value stream, establish a balanced flow of work, in which the demand for product is pulled from the next customer, with a constant drive for continuous improvement and perfection (Based on “Lean Thinking”, Womack & Jones, 2003 edition) (as defined by PAS 1192- 2:2013)
Level of Attributing is categorization based on a minimum content of attributing information on a library object (as defined by BS 8541-3:2012)
Levels of Definition is the collective term used for and including “level of model detail” and the “level of information detail” (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Level of Detail means the level of detail required for a Model as specified in Appendix 1 attached to this Protocol. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013) OR completeness and accuracy of a virtual shape representation compared to the physical and functional characteristics of the actual object (as defined in BS 8541-3:2012) See also Levels of Model Detail
Level of Development (LOD) is describing the level of detail and reliability of elements in a BIM model.
Level of Information (LOI) is defining the quality and detail of information in a BIM model.
Level of Measurement is the completeness and accuracy of a virtual measurement compared to the physical and functional characteristics of the actual object (as defined by BS 8541-3:2012)
Levels of Model Detail is a description of graphical content of models at each of the stages defined for example in the CIC Scope of Services (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Levels of Model Information is a description of non-graphical content of models at each of the stages defined for example in the CIC Scope of Services (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
‘Lonely BIM’ is a non-collaborative 3D model produced by a single designer
LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is using laser and light technology for data collection in BIM.
Life Cycle Assessment is the methodology used to establish a Life Cycle Costing for a material or a product (as defined by Willmott Dixon)
Lifecycle Cost Analysis is evaluating the total cost of a building over its entire lifecycle using BIM.
Lifecycle Information is data in a BIM model related to a building’s entire lifespan.
LOD (Level of Detail/Development) refers to the level of completeness and detail in BIM models.
M
Main Contractor (or Prime Contractor) means the contractor responsible for the total construction and completion process of the building project. The term prime contractor is often used in central civil government and the defence sector to mean main contractor (as defined by the RICS)
Maintainer is the individual, department or organization engaged by either the owner or operator of an asset to carry out maintenance on or in connection with that asset (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
Maintenance is the combination of all technical and associated administrative actions to retain or restore an asset to a state in which it can perform its required function (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014 / adapted from BS ISO 15686-1:2011, BS ISO 6707-1:2004)
Major works are works within the scope of PAS 1192-2:2013 (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
Manageable Assets are those aspects of the facility that may be managed during the facility life-cycle include both physical and spatial objects, and their functional groupings (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Management of assets are operational activities carried out on assets in support of those assets meeting their requirements (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
Marked-up Drawing is a paper or electronic drawing that has been marked up with comments from other disciplines or the client (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Master Information Delivery Plan (MIDP) is a comprehensive plan outlining information exchange requirements in BIM.
Material means all information in any electronic medium prepared by or on behalf of the Project Team Member comprised in: (a) the Specified Models; and (b) the Federated Models, to the extent that these comprise Specified Models or to the extent that the Project Team Member owns any additional rights in any Federated Model, excluding any material forming part thereof which is provided to the Project Team Member by or on behalf of the Employer. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Material Takeoff (MTO) is calculating the materials required for construction from BIM models.
MEP Model is a model made up solely of mechanical, electrical and plumbing components (note: other information may exist within this model that is referenced from others but this is only used for reference purposes)
Meta-data is data used for the description and management of documents and other containers of information (as defined by BS1192:2007 – 3.9)
Metrics acceptability of the deliverable may be assessed against the requirements shown in the examples and/or against indicstive ratios and counts based on the information provided (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Master Information Document Index (MIDI) is the index specifying a detailed list of deliverables for a project; for model, sub-models, documents and data also allocating responsibility to deliver and the programme for delivery of a project supply chain (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Master Information Delivery Plan (MIDP) is the primary plan for when project information is to be prepared, by whom and using what protocols and procedures, incorporating all relevant task information delivery plans (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Model is a collection of containers organised to represent the physical parts of objects, for example a building or a mechanical device (as defined by BS1192:2007 – 3.10) OR a three-dimensional representation in electronic format of building elements representing solid objects with true-to-scale spatial relationships and dimensions. A model may include additional information or data (as defined by ConsensusDOCS 301 BIM Addendum, US) OR means a digital representation of part of the physical and/or functional characteristics of the Project. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Model Coordination is aligning and coordinating various BIM models from different disciplines.
Model Element are individual components within a BIM model representing building parts.
Model Element Author (MEA) is the party responsible for developing the content of a specific Model Element to the Level of Development (LOD) required for a particular phase of the project (as defined by AIA Document E202 – 2008 – 1.2.4)
Model Exchange Standards is established standards for exchanging BIM models between software applications.
Model File is a native, proprietary format, CAD file that can be a 2D or 3D model (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Model Production and Delivery Table means the table attached to this Protocol at Appendix 1 specifying the subject matter of each Model, the person who is to produce and deliver each Model (described in the table as “Model Originator”) at each Stage and the Level of Detail for each Model at each Stage. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Model User refers to any individual or entity authorised to the use the model on the project, such as for analysis, estimating or scheduling (as defined by AIA Document E202 – 2008 – 1.2.5)
Model View Definition (MVD) is defining which data and details are visible in BIM views.
Model-Based Estimating is using BIM models for accurate cost estimation in construction.
Model-Based Quantity Surveying is quantifying materials and costs using BIM data.
N
Non-graphical Data is data conveyed using alphanumeric characters (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Non-Graphical Information is data in BIM models that is not represented visually.
O
Object is any part of the perceivable or conceivable world (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.1) OR an item having state, behaviour and unique identity – for example, a wall object (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Occurrence Object is a representation of an actual occurrence (instance) of an object in a building (as defined in BS 8541-1:2012, BS 8541-3:2012 and BS 8541-4:2012)
OGC Gateway Process is a process that examines programmes and projects at key decision-points in their lifecycle. It looks ahead to provide assurance that the employer can progress to the next stage (as defined by the RICS (partial))
OGC Gateway(s) are the key decision points within the OGC Gateway Process (as defined by the RICS)
OpenBIM is an approach that promotes open and interoperable BIM processes.
Operator is an organization that uses an asset to create value but does not own the asset (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
Operation and Maintenance is managing a building’s function and upkeep using BIM data.
Operation and Maintenance Manuals are manuals created from BIM data for facility management.
Operational Information is information specifying operational activity associated to Types (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Organisation is a person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014 / ISO/FDIS 55000:2013)
Organisational information requirements is information required to achieve the organization’s objectives (as defined by DRAFT PAS 1192-3:2014)
Origin is a setting out point for a project or programme using co-ordinate geometry or related to the OS or geospatial reference (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Originator is the agent responsible for production of a container (as defined by BS1192:2007 – 3.11) OR is the author of models, drawings and documents (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Other Project Team Member means any person having responsibiities in relation to the production, delivery and/or use of Models and appointed by the Employer in relation to the Project, excluding the Project Team Member. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Output File (see also Views) is a generated rendition of graphical or non-graphical information (a plan, section, elevation, schedule, table or other view of a project) (as defined by AEC (UK) BIM Standard Version 1 Page 7)
Owner is an organization that owns an asset and uses the asset either directly or indirectly to create value (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
P
Parameters are variables used in a function or equation to assign values: coordinate, dimension, material, distance, angle, colour, unit price, energy coefficient, and so forth (as defined by Digital Building Lab @ Georgia Tech, USA)
Parametric Design is designing elements in BIM that are controlled by parameters and rules.
Parametric Modeling is creating BIM geometry based on parameters and logical rules.
Permitted Purpose means a purpose related to the Project (or the construction, operation and maintenance of the Project) which is consistent with the applicable, Level of Detail of the relevant Model (including a Model forming part of a Federated Model) and the purpose for which the relevant Model was prepared. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Performance Metrics is measuring and evaluating the performance of building elements in BIM.
Performance Requirements are specifications in BIM models outlining building performance criteria.
Placeholder is simplified or generic representation of a 3D object (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Plain Language Questions are questions asked of the supply chain by the employer to inform decision-making at key stages of an asset life cycle or project (as defined by DRAFT PAS 1192-3:2014)
Point Cloud is a collection of data points used to represent objects or spaces in BIM.
Point Cloud Registration is aligning and organizing point cloud data in BIM models.
Point Density is the number of points per unit. Usually the higher the point density is, the better representation of features are (as defined in ‘Common Scan and Building Information Modelling Terms’ by Severn Partnership)
Product Object is a type object intended to represent an obtainable product, either as a requirement or exemplar or as-built (as defined in BS 8541-1:2012, BS 8541-3:2012 and BS 8541-4:2012)
Project BIM Protocol is the Project Specific BIM Protocol setting out the obligations of the principal members of the Project Team in respect of the use of BIM on the Project (as defined by the CIC Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management)
Project Delivery Team are groups of organisations or individuals contracted either directly or indirectly to deliver services or products to the project (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Project Information Model (PIM) is the information model developed during the design and construction phase of a project, consisting of documentation, non-graphical information and graphical information defining the delivered project (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) OR is the information model developed during the design and construction phase of a project [PAS 1192-2:2013] (as defined by DRAFT PAS 1192-3:2014)
Prefab and Modular Construction is using prefabricated and modular components in BIM projects.
Prefab and Preassembly is the use of pre-manufactured components in BIM construction.
Project Information Plan is the plan for the structure and management and exchange of information from the Project Team in the Information Model and the related processes and procedures (as defined by the CIC Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management)
Project Implementation Plan (PIP) is a statement relating to the suppliers’ IT and human resources capability to deliver the EIR (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Project Outputs is configured information delivered from the Information Model for a specific Permitted Purpose e.g. Stage Outputs, Employer information exchanges, submissions for planning, procurement, construction. (as defined by the CIC Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management)
Project Stage is a period of time in the duration of a construction project identified by the overall character of the construction process which occurs within it (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.15)
Project Team is compromised of the Project Team Members (as defined by the CIC Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management)
Project Information Model (PIM) is a BIM model focused on representing project-specific information.
Project Information Requirements (PIR) is documentation specifying information needed for a BIM project.
Project Lifecycle in BIM is managing and documenting a project’s stages within BIM.
Project Team Member means the person appointed by the Employer pursuant to the Agreement. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013) OR any person having responsibilities in relation to the production, delivery and/or use of the content of the Information Model and appointed by the Employer in relation to the Project (as defined by the CIC Outline Scope of Services for the Role of Information Management)
Project Team Models means any Models which Other Project Team Members produce and deliver as specified in the Model Production and Delivery Table and any Federated Models (or any part thereof) produced and delivered by Other Project Team Members. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Published published information refers to documents and other data from Shared information. Typically this will include exported data, contract drawings, reports and specifications (reference BS1192:2007) (as defined by AEC (UK) BIM Standard Version 2 Page 8) OR a component of the CDE for drawing renditions that have been approved as suitable for a specific purpose – for example, suitable for construction (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Purpose of Issue states the purpose for issuing the document (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Purposes are those aspects of the Facility that are intended to be managed by the facility owner (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Q
Quality Assurance in BIM is implementing processes and checks to ensure the quality of BIM data and models.
Quality Control is the ongoing verification and validation of BIM data and models.
Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a professional who uses BIM data to estimate quantities and costs.
R
RACI indicator is an abbreviation used to identify which of a group of participants or stakeholders are responsible for (“R”), authorize (“A”), contribute to (”C”) or are kept informed about (“I”) a project activity (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
RAG report is a report summarizing a series of assessments as red (not approved), amber (require improvement), or green (approved) (as defined by DRAFT PAS 1192-3:2014)
Reality Capture is using BIM to create an accurate representation of the real world.
Record Model The final version of the digital model used by the construction team to construct the building
Reference file is a CAD model file associated or linked with another CAD model file. Also referred to as an “X-ref” (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Rendering is the process of generating realistic images from BIM models for visualization.
Rendition is documentation in a form enabling the information to be viewed, printed and marked up. For example, PDF and DWF files are documentation consisting of snapshots (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Representation is the scale view of an object (as defined in BS 8541-2:2011)
Requirements are the documented expectations of facility owners/commissioners for sharable structured information. These are also referred to as the Employers Information Requirements (EIR) (alternatively, the Clients Information Requirements) (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Resource is named material or skill required to execute Jobs (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Resource Management is efficiently allocating and managing project resources using BIM.
Revision is used to identify revisions of documents, drawing and model files (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Revit is autodesk software widely used for BIM modeling and design.
Revit Family is a collection of elements with shared properties and behaviors in Revit.
Revit Family Types is categories in Revit defining groups of elements with similar uses and properties.
RIBA Outline Plan of Work summarises the deliverables required under each RIBA Work Stage (as defined by the RICS)
RIBA Work Stage means the stage into which the process of designing building projects and administering building contracts may be divided (as defined by the RICS)
Risk Management is identifying and managing risks in a project using BIM data.
S
Simulation is using BIM models to simulate various aspects of a building’s performance.
Simplified Representation is a scale view incorporating only the essential shape, size or features of an object (as defined in BS 8541-2:2011)
Soft Landings are graduated handover of a built asset from the design and construction team to allow structured familiarisation of systems and components and fine tuning of controls and other building management systems (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Space three dimensional, material construction result contained within, or otherwise associated with, a building or other construction entity (as defined by ISO 12006-2:2001 – 2.10) OR named location for activities such as use, inspection or maintenance, including un-occupied or un-inhabitable Spaces, but not necessarily inaccessible voids (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Spare is a named replaceable part associated toTypes (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Spatial Coordination is aligning and coordinating physical spaces and building systems in BIM.
Specification is identification of the requirements on objects including the subsequent selection of products duringinstallation and replacement (as defined by BS 8541-4:2012)
Specified Models means the Model or Models which the Project Team Member is to produce and deliver as specified in the Model Production and Delivery Table. (CIC BIM Protocol. First Edition. 2013)
Stage – see Gate.
Standard Font is the agreed set of font types and sizes used for the project (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Standard Layering Convention is the single layering convention used by the project team (as defined by PAS 1192- 2:2013)
Standard Method and Procedure are a set of standard methods and procedures covering the way information is named, expressed and referenced (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Standards and Protocols in BIM are established guidelines and practices for BIM implementation.
Status defines the “suitability” of information in a model, drawing or document. Not to be confused with the status in architectural documentation as “new build”, “retain” or “demolish” (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Structural Analysis is the action or process of analysing the model(s) from a structural point of view or a table or statement of the results of analysis of the model(s) (based on The Chambers English Dictionary)
Structural Model A model made up solely of structural components
Subcontractor means a contractor employed by the main contractor to undertake specific work within the building project; also known as specialist, works, trade, work package, and labour only contractors (as defined by the RICS)
Sub-model Model included as an instance in another model (as defined by BS1192:2007 – 3.12)
Supervisory control and data acquistion (SCADA) are systems that collect operational data from assets to support supervisory and other managerial activities (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
Supplementary Information is additional descriptive information associated to the assets (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Supplier is the provider of services or goods either directly to the employer or to another supplier in a supply chain (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Supplier Information Modelling Assessment Form is a form conveying the capability and experience of a supplier to carry out information modelling in a collaborative environment (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Supplier Information Technology Assessment Form is a form conveying the capability and IT resources of a supplier for exchanging information in a collaborative environment (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Supply Chain Capability Assessment Form is a form summarizing the human resource and IT capability of each organization in a supply chain (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Sustainable Design is using BIM to create environmentally responsible and resource-efficient buildings.
Sustainability Analysis is evaluating the environmental impact and sustainability of a project using BIM.
Symbol is a graphic device without scale used: a) on a drawing to indicate the occurence and/or location of an item; b) in annotation to indicate one or more of the attributes of an item (as defined in BS 8541-2:2011)
Symbol Element is a graphic device without scale used only in combination with a symbol (or symbols) or with other elements, to form a symbol (as defined in BS 8541-2:2011)
System is a group of components that work together to provide a specific building service such as envelope, ventilation or fire protection (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
System (IFC) are organised combination of related parts, composed for a common purpose or function or to provide a service. System is essentially a functionally related aggregation of products (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach enabling the realisation of successful systems (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
T
Task Information Delivery Plan (TIDP) is a plan detailing the information needed for specific project tasks in BIM.
Technical Documentation are detailed documents created from BIM models for construction and operation.
Template Object is a type object intended to guide the production of generic objects and product objects by providing schedules of classification values and a minimum set of attributes (as defined in BS 8541-1:2012, BS 8541-3:2012 and BS 8541-4:2012)
Task Information Delivery Plan (TIDP) is federated lists of information deliverables by each task, including format, date and responsibilities (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Third Party Capability Assessment Form is a form conveying the information management and IT capabilties of nondesign, non-construction organisations in a supply chain (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Trigger is a planned or unplanned event that changes and asset or its status (as defined by PAS 1192-3:2014)
Type is a named specification for Components providing a common function (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)
Type (Library) Object is a representation of the common features of a product or group, including its classifications and properties (as defined in BS 8541-1:2012, BS 8541-3:2012 and BS 8541-4:2012)
U
Uniclass (Unified Classification for the Construction Industry) Published by the Construction Project InformationCommittee (CPIC) this is a UK standard for classification
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a standardized modeling language for software and systems development, sometimes used in BIM.
User is an individual using a built asset for its designed purpose (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Usability is assessing the effectiveness and ease of use of BIM models for stakeholders.
V
Value Engineering is using BIM to optimize a project’s cost, quality, and functionality.
VDC Manager (Virtual Design and Construction Manager) is overseeing BIM processes and coordination in virtual design and construction.
Version is sub-indexing to revision as used in the common data environment to show the development of information and information models, e.g. if a version is named P1.1, P1 is the revision number and the .1 is the version to that revision (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Views (see also Output files) is a generated rendition of graphical or non-graphical information (a plan, section, elevation, schedule, or other view of a project (as defined by AEC (UK) BIM Standard Version 2 Page 8)
Virtual Construction is creating a virtual representation of a building before physical construction, aiding in planning.
Virtual Construction Model is the subsequent version of the project information model developed from design intent model by the construction supplier and their supply chain (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Virtual Reality Integration in BIM is incorporating virtual reality technology into BIM for immersive experiences.
Volume is manageable spatial subdivision of a project, defined by the project team as a subdivision of the overall project that allows more than one person to work on the project models simultaneously and consistent with analysis and design process (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013) Note: this term is defined as “zone” in BS 1192:2007
W
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical breakdown of project tasks and deliverables in BIM.
Work In Progress (WIP) Each individual company or discipline’s own work. This is information that has not been approved or verified as fit to share across the project team (reference BS1192:2007) (as defined by AEC (UK) BIM Protocol Version 2 Page 7/8)
Workflow is the sequence of processes and tasks within BIM projects.
Workflow Optimization is improving efficiency and coordination in BIM processes.
Workset is a logical grouping of elements within a BIM project, used for organization and management.
X
X-ref is a CAD model file associated or linked with another CAD model file. Also referred to as a “reference file” (as defined by PAS 1192-2:2013)
Z
Zone is a named set of Spaces (locations) sharing a specific Attribute, such as activity, access, management or conditioning (as defined in BS 1192-4:2014)